Question

ABANDON: INHIBITION::

• A. ascendancy: effort
• B. prickliness: sensation
• C. surrender: resignation
• D. reversal: instigation
• E. tranquillity: agitation

Hint:

Analogies can be ambiguous. If your initial bridge sentence (e.g., "A is the lack of B") produces multiple good options, try to refine the bridge or look for an alternative relationship (e.g., "A and B are synonyms/antonyms"). Here, the relationship can be interpreted in several ways, but the "near synonym" or "related concept" interpretation is one that singles out option (C).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This is an analogy question where we need to identify the relationship between the words in the stem and find a similar relationship among the answer choices. The stem words are ABANDON and INHIBITION.

ABANDON, in the context of behavior or psychology, refers to acting without restraint, being completely free in one’s actions, or acting recklessly with full emotional freedom.
INHIBITION is a restraint or limitation, either mental or emotional, that prevents someone from acting freely or expressing themselves fully.
Thus, the relationship is: \[ \text{ABANDON is the state of being without INHIBITION.} \] In other words, ABANDON is a state characterized by the absence or lack of INHIBITION. To act with abandon is to let go of all internal constraints or mental restrictions. Step 2: Examining the Answer Choices:
We analyze each option to see which pair has a relationship similar to ABANDON : INHIBITION.

(A) ascendancy : effort — Ascendancy means dominance or control. Effort is the exertion of energy to achieve something. There is no logical relationship of absence or lack; ascendancy does not imply a lack of effort. Hence, this is not analogous.
(B) prickliness : sensation — Prickliness refers to being easily irritated or sensitive. Sensation is a general awareness or feeling. Prickliness is not the absence of sensation, so this is not analogous either.
(C) surrender : resignation — SURRENDER is the act of yielding or giving up, often in response to a superior force or unavoidable circumstance. RESIGNATION is the mental state of accepting something undesirable or inevitable. The relationship here can be interpreted as follows:

ABANDON involves giving up INHIBITION.
SURRENDER involves giving up resistance, which leads to RESIGNATION.
In both cases, the first word describes an act or state where one ceases some restraint, and the second word describes the resulting mental or emotional state. For example, a person may surrender during a negotiation, which results in a feeling of resignation or acceptance. This mirrors the concept of abandon leading to freedom from inhibition.
(D) reversal : instigation — Reversal is the act of turning back or changing a decision, while instigation is initiating an action. There is no "absence of" or "ceasing of" relationship here, so this is not analogous.
(E) tranquillity : agitation — Tranquillity is calmness; agitation is disturbance. Here, tranquillity is the absence of agitation, which superficially seems similar to ABANDON : INHIBITION. However, the stem pair involves an active state (abandoning something) leading to the absence of inhibition, while tranquillity vs agitation is more of a passive or static antonym pair. The relationship is closer to antonyms rather than the process-result relationship in the stem pair.
--- Step 3: Illustrative Example:
To make it more intuitive:

Acting with abandon at a dance party means dancing freely without self-consciousness. Here, the person has no inhibition.
During a chess game, if a player surrenders, they stop resisting and accept defeat, leading to resignation.
In both cases, the first action involves giving up a certain restraint or opposition, and the second word describes the resulting state. Step 4: Final Answer:
The analogy that best mirrors the stem pair is: \[ \boxed{\text{C) surrender : resignation}} \] This choice reflects the logical relationship of giving up a constraint (abandon → lack of inhibition, surrender → cessation of resistance), rather than simple antonyms or unrelated concepts.