A piece of information shown in a graph which is assigned to the data series is known as:
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Chart Components: Data Series (the bars, lines, etc.), Data Points (individual elements of a series), Data Labels (values/text shown on/near data points), Legend (key identifying series), Axes (X, Y), Chart Title, Plot Area.
Let's define the terms:
\begin{itemize}
\item[(A)] Data point: A single value plotted on the chart (e.g., a bar in a bar chart, a point on a line chart).
\item[(B)] Data label: Text or numbers directly attached to a data point or series on the chart, displaying specific information about it (e.g., the value of the data point, the series name). This matches the description.
\item[(C)] Legend: An index or key that identifies the different data series plotted on the chart, usually using colors or patterns.
\item[(D)] Plot area: The main area within the chart borders where the data is actually plotted.
\end{itemize}
Therefore, information assigned to a data series (or data point) shown on the graph is a data label.