Step 1: Analyze the event described.
A boy hits a mango tree with a stone, and a mango falls down. We need to identify the fundamental force or principle responsible for the mango's downward motion.
Step 2: Evaluate the given options.
(1) Due to gravitational force of earth: The Earth exerts a gravitational force on all objects with mass, pulling them towards its center. This force is commonly referred to as gravity. When an object is no longer supported (like a mango detached from a tree), gravity is the force that causes it to fall downwards.
(2) Due to friction: Friction is a force that opposes motion between surfaces in contact. While air resistance (a type of friction) might affect the mango's fall by slowing it down, it is not the cause of the fall itself.
(3) Due to acceleration: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. The mango \textit{accelerates} downwards due to gravity, but acceleration is an effect of the force, not the cause of the fall itself. The cause of the acceleration is the gravitational force.
(4) None of these: This option would be correct only if none of the other options explained the phenomenon.
Step 3: Conclude the primary reason for the mango falling.
The primary reason the mango falls down once it's dislodged from the tree is the Earth's gravitational pull.
Step 4: Compare with the given options.
The phenomenon is explained by the gravitational force of the Earth.
(1) Due to gravitational force of earth