A genetically engineered bacteria used for clearing oil spills is
- Escherischia coli
- Bacillus subtilis
- Agrobacterium tumifaciens
- Pseudomonas putida
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Pseudomonas putida is a bacterium that has been genetically engineered to break down hydrocarbons, the main components of oil. This makes it a useful tool for bioremediation, the process of cleaning up contaminated environments. When Pseudomonas putida is introduced to an oil spill, it can rapidly reproduce and break down the oil into harmless byproducts.
Here is why others are not recommended:
- Escherichia coli: E. coli is a bacterium that lives in the intestines of humans and other animals. While some strains of E. coli can break down hydrocarbons, they are not typically used for bioremediation because they can also cause disease.
- Bacillus subtilis: Bacillus subtilis is a soil bacterium that can degrade a variety of organic compounds, but it is not particularly effective at breaking down hydrocarbons.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium that causes tumors in plants. It is not used for bioremediation.
Thus, the right answer to this question is Pseudomonas putida.
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Concepts Used:
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a vast field of biology that involves the creation, production, and modification of useful products for human welfare using both the technology and the execution of living organisms and their components. An agricultural engineer, Karoly Ereky, coined the word "biotechnology" in 1919, achieving him the title of "Father of Biotechnology."
Principles of Biotechnology:
Among many, the two core techniques that entitled the birth of modern biotechnology are :
- Genetic Engineering is one of the methods of direct modifications of an organism's genome (i.e., DNA and RNA). It requires the introduction of new genes into host species to escalate function or trait, hence altering the host organism's phenotype.
- Bioprocess Engineering is one of the methods of maintaining sterile conditions to facilitate the growth of large quantities of desired microbes and other eukaryotic cells for the development of new or modified biotechnological products such as enzymes, vaccines, antibiotics, and other biotechnological products.